| Ceramic/China/Porcelain,Pottery | Reference Links |
| Ceramic | http://www.gpsf.com/Staffdb/LibraryG0.htm |
| The art or process of making articles from clay by shaping | |
| and hardening thru firing. | |
| Transfer Printed Wares | http://www.gpsf.com/ReferencesS.htm |
| Transfer printing allowed a potter to duplicate a pattern by | |
| transferring it from a copper plate to a ceramic vessel by use of a | |
| specially treated paper. John Brooks invented the process in 1751 | |
| and it was perfected by Sadler and Green in 1756. The ceramic | |
| vessels used were Porcelain and Earthenwares. A particular type | |
| of the transferware process was the use of a single color transfer | |
| print with the addition of enamelling in bright colors in parts of the | |
| design. This process is called Polychrome Enamelling. Another | |
| process is the decoration of ceramic items with blue under-glaze | |
| designs having a smudge or blurred apparence rather than a crisp, | |
| sharp and clean pattern. The blue colors bleed or flow onto the | |
| white body of the ceramic at the time the glaze decoration is fired. | |
| The resultant wares are known as Flow Blue Wares. They are | |
| found in Semi-Porcelain, Stoneware and Porcelain. | |
| China | http://www.gpsf.com/Staffdb/LibraryG1.htm |
| Includes Soft Paste Porcelain, Soapstone Porcelain, Hard | |
| Paste Porcelain. From the 1750's on, all manner of wares which | |
| ressemble imported Chinese wares whether porcelain or pottery. | |
| Porcelain | http://www.gpsf.com/Staffdb/LibraryG2.htm |
| A translucent white substance made from paste containing | |
| kaolin and petuntse, vitreous and extremely tough, ringing with | |
| a metallic, echoing sound like glass when struck. Includes all | |
| translucent paste bodies. | |
| Bone China | |
| Porcelain developed by Josiah Wedgwood in 1794 from a | |
| combination of china clay, china stone and calcinated bones to a | |
| middle paste between hard and soft pastes. The mixture can also be | |
| described as that of kaolin, feldspar and bone ash. | |
| Chelsea Porcelain | |
| Soft paste wares decorated in the Oriental Style or Manner of | |
| Dresden or Sevres. Known for rich claret and dark blue colors. | |
| Pottery | http://www.gpsf.com/Staffdb/LibraryG3.htm |
| Earthenware, stoneware and all other bodies which do not | |
| possess the properties of porcelain. Includes all opaque bodies. | |
| Relief Moulded Wares | |
| Molded wares with the ability to cast decoration on the | |
| surface. They were molded using earthenwares and stonewares. | |
| Sprig Moulded Wares | http://www.gpsf.com/jasper/ReferencesJ.htm |
| The process consists of pressing wet clay into a shallow | |
| mold, peeling out the resulting thin impression and attaching it | |
| to the surface of an item using liquid clay or slip. It was used on | |
| both earthenware and stoneware type bodies, the later being | |
| more effective. | |
| Earthenware | http://www.gpsf.com/Staffdb/LibraryG4.htm |
| Pottery made from natural clays which remain porous after | |
| firing and must be glazed to make them non-porous. Fired at least | |
| twice at low temperature. | |
| Aagate Ware | |
| Earthenware made of clays of different colors, either natural | |
| or colored with pigments, mixed and mingled to produce a | |
| marblized effect. Developed by Thomas Whieldon about 1750. | |
| Creamware(Queensware or Queen's Ware) | |
| A combination of cream-colored earthenware and a butter- | |
| colored opaque glaze, first made by Josiah Wedgwood in the | |
| early 1760's. | |
| Ironstone China | |
| A Fine-bodied white earthenware with slight translucency | |
| which was developed by Charles J. Mason in 1813 with a Patent | |
| name of "Mason's Patent Ironstone China". | |
| Pearlware | |
| Earthenware made by Josiah Wedgwood from about 1779. It | |
| contained a large proportion of calcinated flint and china clay. | |
| Prattware | |
| Earthenware made in Staffordshire between 1790 and 1830, | |
| named after Felix Pratt. Usually made in light-colored or buff clay, | |
| decorated under the glaze with a range of high temperature colors | |
| (metallic oxides) which can stand the heat of firing. | |
| Spatterware | |
| A crude soft paste which was highly colored with lively | |
| freehand decoration. Found on creamwares, rarely on Ironstone. | |
| Stone China | |
| First patented by John Turner of Lane End in 1880, and made | |
| by using felspathic stone or mineral which in turn produced a finely | |
| textured, dense, opaque body, heavy and durable with a slight | |
| blue-gray color. | |
| Terra Cotta | |
| Unglazed earthenware made from natural clays which were | |
| fired but still stayed porous. | |
| Stoneware | http://www.gpsf.com/Staffdb/LibraryG5.htm |
| Pottery made from natural clays with additional vitreous | |
| substances such as sand or calcinated flint. The wares are | |
| rendered non-porous when fired and do not need glazing. | |
| Bamboo Ware | |
| A dry-bodied stoneware first made in circa 1787 by Josiah | |
| Wedgwood and containing Cornish china stone. | |
| Basaltes | |
| Fine grained stoneware stained black with manganese | |
| dioxide, fully vitreous. Developed by Josiah Wedgwood in the | |
| 1770's as a refinement to Egyptian black. Basaltes are twice | |
| fired. | |
| Caneware | |
| A dry-bodied stoneware developed by Josiah Wedgwood | |
| at the end of the 1770's. Decorated with bright blue and green and | |
| as of 1800 with red. | |
| Jasper Ware | http://www.gpsf.com/jasper/ReferencesJ.htm |
| A fine-grained white vitrified stoneware with translucent | |
| properties, being developed by Josiah Wedgwood in 1774. An | |
| applied relief in white jasper was added. Solid Jasper and Jasper | |
| Dip were two methods of coloring the Jasper. | |
| Majolica | |
| Invented by Minton in 1851, the wares were made from a fine | |
| body dipped in tin glaze and painted in brillant colors before | |
| firing, as well as being pressed and molded in high relief decoration. | |
| Rossa Antico | |
| Wedgwood's version of Red Stoneware in a better color, | |
| often engine-tuned. | |